Ama-compressor ayingxenye ebalulekile cishe kuzo zonke izikhungo zokukhiqiza. Ngokuvamile abizwa ngokuthi inhliziyo yanoma yiluphi uhlelo lomoya noma lwegesi, lawa ma-asethi adinga ukunakwa okukhethekile, ikakhulukazi ukugcotshwa kwawo. Ukuze uqonde indima ebalulekile edlalwa ukugcotshwa kuma-compressor, kufanele uqale uqonde umsebenzi wawo kanye nemiphumela yesistimu ku-lubricant, ukuthi yiluphi ugcotshwa okufanele lukhethwe nokuthi yiziphi izivivinyo zokuhlaziywa kwamafutha okufanele zenziwe.
● Izinhlobo kanye Nemisebenzi Ye-Compressor
Kunezinhlobo eziningi ezahlukene ze-compressor ezitholakalayo, kodwa indima yazo eyinhloko cishe iyafana njalo. Ama-compressor aklanyelwe ukuqinisa ingcindezi yegesi ngokunciphisa ivolumu yayo iyonke. Ngamagama alula, umuntu angacabanga nge-compressor njengephampu efana negesi. Ukusebenza kwayo kuyafana, umehluko omkhulu ukuthi i-compressor yehlisa ivolumu futhi ihambisa igesi ohlelweni, kuyilapho iphampu imane icindezela futhi ithuthe uketshezi ngohlelo.
Ama-compressor angahlukaniswa ngezigaba ezimbili ezijwayelekile: ukufuduka okuhle kanye ne-dynamic. Ama-compressor ajikelezayo, i-diaphragm kanye nama-reciprocating awela ngaphansi kwesigaba se-positive-displacement. Ama-compressor ajikelezayo asebenza ngokuphoqa amagesi ezindaweni ezincane ngezikulufo, ama-lobes noma ama-vanes, kuyilapho ama-compressor e-diaphragm esebenza ngokucindezela igesi ngokuhamba kwe-membrane. Ama-compressor ajikelezayo acindezela igesi nge-piston noma uchungechunge lwama-piston aqhutshwa yi-crankshaft.
Ama-compressor e-centrifugal, mixed-flow kanye ne-axial asesigabeni esiguquguqukayo. I-compressor ye-centrifugal isebenza ngokucindezela igesi isebenzisa idiski ejikelezayo endlini eyakhiwe. I-compressor ye-mixed-flow isebenza ngendlela efanayo ne-compressor ye-centrifugal kodwa iqhuba ukugeleza kwayo ngokwe-axial kunokuba ibe nge-radially. Ama-compressor e-axial adala ukucindezelwa ngochungechunge lwama-airfoil.
● Imiphumela Kuma-Lubricant
Ngaphambi kokukhetha i-compressor lubricant, esinye sezici eziyinhloko okufanele uzicabangele uhlobo lobunzima i-lubricant engase ibhekane nabo ngenkathi isebenza. Ngokuvamile, izinto ezicindezela i-lubricant kuma-compressor zifaka umswakama, ukushisa okukhulu, igesi nomoya ocindezelwe, izinhlayiya zensimbi, ukuncibilika kwegesi, kanye nezindawo zokukhipha amanzi ezishisayo.
Khumbula ukuthi uma igesi icindezelwa, ingaba nemiphumela emibi ku-lubricant futhi iholele ekwehleni okuphawulekayo kwe-viscosity kanye nokuhwamuka, i-oxidation, ukufakwa kwekhabhoni kanye nokujiya okuvela ekuqongeleleni komswakama.
Uma usuqaphele izinto ezibalulekile ezingase zifakwe ku-lubricant, ungasebenzisa lolu lwazi ukunciphisa ukukhetha kwakho ukuze uthole i-compressor lubricant efanele. Izici ze-lubricant enamandla zingafaka phakathi ukuzinza okuhle kwe-oxidation, izithasiselo zokulwa nokugqwala kanye ne-corrosion inhibitor, kanye nezakhiwo zokususa i-mulsion. Izitokwe zesisekelo zokwenziwa nazo zingasebenza kangcono emazingeni okushisa abanzi.
● Ukukhetha Izinto Zokugcoba
Ukuqinisekisa ukuthi une-lubricant efanele kuzoba yinto ebalulekile empilweni ye-compressor. Isinyathelo sokuqala ukubhekisela kuzincomo ezivela kumkhiqizi wemishini yokuqala (i-OEM). Ukuqina kwe-compressor lubricant kanye nezingxenye zangaphakathi ezigcotshwayo kungahluka kakhulu kuye ngohlobo lwe-compressor. Iziphakamiso zomenzi zinganikeza indawo enhle yokuqala.
Okulandelayo, cabanga ngegesi ecindezelwayo, njengoba ingathinta kakhulu igrisi. Ukucindezelwa komoya kungaholela ezinkingeni zokushisa okuphezulu kwegrisi. Amagesi e-hydrocarbon avame ukuncibilikisa igrisi, bese ehlisa kancane kancane i-viscosity.
Amagesi angangenisi amakhemikhali njenge-carbon dioxide ne-ammonia angase asabelane ne-lubricant futhi anciphise i-viscosity futhi adale insipho ohlelweni. Amagesi asebenzayo amakhemikhali njenge-oxygen, i-chlorine, i-sulfur dioxide kanye ne-hydrogen sulfide angakha ama-tacky deposits noma abe yi-crust kakhulu uma kukhona umswakama omningi ku-lubricant.
Kufanele futhi ucabangele indawo lapho i-compressor lubricant isetshenziswa khona. Lokhu kungafaka phakathi izinga lokushisa elizungezile, izinga lokushisa lokusebenza, izinto ezingcolisayo ezizungezile emoyeni, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi i-compressor ingaphakathi futhi imboziwe noma ingaphandle futhi ivezwe esimweni sezulu esibi, kanye nemboni eqashwe kuyo.
Ama-compressor avame ukusebenzisa amafutha okwenziwa ngokusekelwe esincomweni se-OEM. Abakhiqizi bemishini bavame ukudinga ukusetshenziswa kwamafutha ohlobo lwabo njengombandela wewaranti. Kulezi zimo, ungase ufune ukulinda kuze kube yilapho isikhathi sewaranti sesiphelile ukuze wenze ushintsho lwamafutha.
Uma isicelo sakho sisebenzisa i-lubricant esekelwe kumaminerali njengamanje, ukushintshela ku-synthetic kumele kube nesizathu, njengoba lokhu kuvame ukubiza kakhulu. Yiqiniso, uma imibiko yakho yokuhlaziywa kwamafutha ikhombisa ukukhathazeka okuthile, i-lubricant yokwenziwa ingaba inketho enhle. Kodwa-ke, qiniseka ukuthi awugcini nje ngokubhekana nezimpawu zenkinga kodwa kunalokho uxazulula izimbangela eziyinhloko ohlelweni.
Yimaphi amafutha okwenziwa anengqondo kakhulu ekusetshenzisweni kwe-compressor? Ngokuvamile, kusetshenziswa ama-polyalkylene glycols (ama-PAG), ama-polyalphaolefins (ama-POA), amanye ama-diester nama-polyolesters. Yikuphi kwalawa ma-synthetic okufanele ukhethe kuzoncika kumafutha okushintsha kuwo kanye nokusetshenziswa kwawo.
Njengoba inokumelana nokushiswa kwe-oxidation kanye nokuphila isikhathi eside, ama-polyalphaolefin ngokuvamile ayindawo efanelekile yokufaka esikhundleni samafutha amaminerali. Ama-polyalkylene glycols angancibiliki emanzini anikeza ukuncibilika okuhle ukusiza ukugcina ama-compressor ehlanzekile. Amanye ama-ester anokuncibilika okungcono kakhulu kune-PAGs kodwa angabhekana nomswakama omningi ohlelweni.
| Inombolo | Ipharamitha | Indlela Yokuhlola Ejwayelekile | Amayunithi | Okuqanjiwe | Isexwayiso | Okubalulekile |
| Ukuhlaziywa Kwezakhiwo Zokugcoba | ||||||
| 1 | Ukujiya &@40℃ | I-ASTM 0445 | cSt | Uwoyela omusha | Okujwayelekile +5%/-5% | Okujwayelekile +10%/-10% |
| 2 | Inombolo ye-asidi | I-ASTM D664 noma i-ASTM D974 | mgKOH/g | Uwoyela omusha | Iphuzu lokushintshashintsha kwezwi +0.2 | Iphuzu lokushintshashintsha kwezwi +1.0 |
| 3 | Izinto ezengeziwe: i-Ba, i-B, i-Ca, i-Mg, i-Mo, i-P, i-Zn | I-ASTM D518S | i-ppm | Uwoyela omusha | Okujwayelekile +/-10% | Okujwayelekile +/-25% |
| 4 | Ukuxutshwa kwe-oksidation | I-ASTM E2412 FTIR | Ukumunca /0.1 mm | Uwoyela omusha | Isekelwe ngokwezibalo futhi isetshenziswa njengethuluzi lokuhlola | |
| 5 | Ukufaka i-nitration | I-ASTM E2412 FTIR | Ukumunca /0.1 mm | Uwoyela omusha | Ngokwezibalo ithuluzi le-ba$ed kanye ne-u$ed a$ a scceenintf | |
| 6 | I-Antioxidant RUL | I-ASTMD6810 | Amaphesenti | Uwoyela omusha | Okujwayelekile -50% | Okujwayelekile -80% |
| I-Varnish Potential Membrane Patch Colorimetry | I-ASTM D7843 | Isikali esingu-1-100 (esi-1 singcono kakhulu) | <20 | 35 | 50 | |
| Ukuhlaziywa Kokungcola Kwamafutha | ||||||
| 7 | Ukubukeka | I-ASTM D4176 | Ukuhlolwa okubonakalayo kokubona amanzi amahhala kanye nokwethuka | |||
| 8 | Izinga lomswakama | I-ASTM E2412 FTIR | Amaphesenti | Ithagethi | 0.03 | 0.2 |
| I-Crackle | Izwela phansi ku-0.05% futhi isetshenziswa njengethuluzi lokuhlola | |||||
| Okuhlukile | Izinga lomswakama | I-ASTM 06304 Karl Fischer | i-ppm | Ithagethi | 300 | 2.000 |
| 9 | Inani Lezinhlayiya | I-ISO 4406: 99 | Ikhodi ye-ISO | Ithagethi | Inombolo yobubanzi be-Target +1 | Izinombolo zobubanzi ze-Target +3 |
| Okuhlukile | Ukuhlolwa kwe-Patch | Izindlela Zobunikazi | Kusetshenziselwa ukuqinisekisa imfucuza ngokuhlola okubonakalayo | |||
| 10 | Izinto Ezingcolisayo: Si, Ca, Me, AJ, njll. | I-ASTM DS 185 | i-ppm | <5* | 6-20* | >20* |
| *Kuya ngokuthi yini engcolile, ukusetshenziswa kwayo kanye nendawo ezungezile | ||||||
| Ukuhlaziywa Kwemfucumfucu Yokugqokwa Kwamafutha (Qaphela: ukufundwa okungavamile kufanele kulandelwe yi-ferrography yokuhlaziya) | ||||||
| 11 | Izinto Zokugqokwa Kwemfucumfucu: Fe, Cu, Cr, Ai, Pb. Ni, Sn | I-ASTM D518S | i-ppm | Isilinganiso Somlando | Okuqanjiwe + SD | Okujwayelekile +2 SD |
| Okuhlukile | Ubuningi be-Ferrous | Izindlela Zobunikazi | Izindlela Zobunikazi | Isilinganiso Esimangalisayo | Okujwayelekile + S0 | Okujwayelekile +2 SD |
| Okuhlukile | Inkomba ye-PQ | I-PQ90 | Inkomba | Isilinganiso Somlando | Okuqanjiwe + SD | Okujwayelekile +2 SD |
Isibonelo samasleti okuhlola ukuhlaziywa kwamafutha kanye nemikhawulo ye-alamu yama-compressor e-centrifugal.
● Ukuhlolwa Kokuhlaziywa Kwamafutha
Kungenziwa izivivinyo eziningi kusampula kawoyela, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukuba bucayi lapho ukhetha lezi zivivinyo kanye nezikhathi zokuthatha amasampula. Ukuhlolwa kufanele kufake izigaba ezintathu eziyinhloko zokuhlaziywa kawoyela: izakhiwo zoketshezi lwesithambisi, ukuba khona kwezinto ezingcolisayo ohlelweni lokugcoba kanye nanoma yikuphi ukungcola okugugile okuvela emshinini.
Kuye ngohlobo lwe-compressor, kungase kube noshintsho oluncane ku-slate yokuhlola, kodwa ngokuvamile kuvamile ukubona i-viscosity, ukuhlaziywa kwezinto eziyisisekelo, i-Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, inombolo ye-asidi, amandla e-varnish, ukuhlolwa kwe-rotation pressure vessel oxidation (RPVOT) kanye nokuhlolwa kwe-demulsibility okunconywayo ukuhlola izakhiwo zoketshezi lwe-lubricant.
Ukuhlolwa kokungcola koketshezi kwama-compressor cishe kuzofaka phakathi ukubukeka, i-FTIR kanye nokuhlaziywa kwezinto eziyisisekelo, kuyilapho ukuhlolwa okuvamile kuphela ngokombono wokungcola kokuguga kungaba ukuhlaziywa kwezinto eziyisisekelo. Isibonelo sama-slates okuhlola ukuhlaziywa kwamafutha kanye nemikhawulo ye-alamu yama-compressor e-centrifugal siboniswe ngenhla.
Ngenxa yokuthi izivivinyo ezithile zingahlola ukukhathazeka okuningi, ezinye zizovela ezigabeni ezahlukene. Isibonelo, ukuhlaziywa kwezinto kungase kubambe amazinga okuncipha okungeziwe ngokombono wesakhiwo soketshezi, kuyilapho izingcezu zezinto ezivela ekuhlaziyweni kokungcola okugugile noma i-FTIR zingase zibone ukubola noma umswakama njengento engcolisayo yoketshezi.
Imikhawulo ye-alamu ivame ukubekwa njengokungahleliwe yilabhorethri, futhi izitshalo eziningi azikaze zingabaze ukufaneleka kwayo. Kufanele ubuyekeze futhi uqinisekise ukuthi le mikhawulo ichazwe ukuze ihambisane nezinhloso zakho zokuthembeka. Njengoba uthuthukisa uhlelo lwakho, ungase ufune ngisho nokucabangela ukushintsha imikhawulo. Ngokuvamile, imikhawulo ye-alamu iqala phezulu kancane futhi ishintshe ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ngenxa yezinhloso zokuhlanzeka ezinamandla, ukuhlunga kanye nokulawula ukungcola.
● Ukuqonda Ukugcotshwa Kwe-Compressor
Ngokuphathelene nokugcotshwa kwawo, ama-compressor angabonakala eyinkimbinkimbi kancane. Uma wena nethimba lakho niqonda kangcono umsebenzi we-compressor, imiphumela yesistimu ku-lubrication, ukuthi yiluphi uhlobo lokugcotshwa okufanele lukhethwe nokuthi yiziphi izivivinyo zokuhlaziywa kwamafutha okufanele zenziwe, kulapho amathuba akho okugcina nokuthuthukisa impilo yemishini yakho akhula khona.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Novemba-16-2021